The Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg, Russia, is a treasure house of art and history that attracts millions of visitors from around the globe each year. However, this world-class museum holds a secret that has been hiding in plain sight for centuries: its resident cats. These feline inhabitants are not just ordinary strays; they have a rich heritage and perform essential functions within the museum. Let’s uncover the fascinating tale of these four-legged guardians of one of the world’s most esteemed cultural institutions.
The origin of the Hermitage cats
An old tradition
A surprising fact about the Hermitage Museum is that it has been home to cats since at least 1745. Empress Elizabeth, daughter of Peter the Great, ordered a rodent control service be set up due to frequent invasions by mice and rats that threatened her precious collections. This began with an order for the “best and biggest cats,” capable of catching these pests. A group of Russian Blue cats were brought from Kazan to carry out this mission.
Trials during wartime
Between 1941 and 1944, during the Siege of Leningrad (now St Petersburg), circumstances became dire. The city was ravaged by famine, taking its toll on humans and animals alike, including the revered Hermitage cats. Many suffered starvation or were devoured by both humans desperate for food and rodents who thrived in their absence. After this dark period came to an end, roughly 5,000 cats were brought in to reclaim the city from rats infestation, particularly safeguarding the museum’s basements.
This fascinating history sets us up perfectly to understand just how vital these feline residents are to the museum.
The indispensable role of felines at the museum
Current feline lineage
As of December 2024, around 65 cats are living in the basements of the Hermitage, continuing their centuries-old tradition of protecting precious artworks. A majority of these cats were rescued from life on the streets and given a new home – and an important job – within the museum’s walls.
Cultural and community role
Their upkeep is funded by donations and sales of artwork created by employees’ children. This arrangement not only keeps this treasured tradition alive but also strengthens the bond between the museum and its visitors, who, fascinated by these whiskered guardians, contribute to their welfare.
This special bond between humans and cats has deep roots in St Petersburg’s history.
Cats in the history of St Petersburg
Cat symbolism
In Russian culture, particularly in Saint Petersburg, cats hold significant symbolic value. Their ability to see in the dark is often associated with mysticism and magic, making them revered symbols of intuition and foresight.
Iconic figures
Many tales from Russian folklore feature bold and resourceful felines as central characters. Thus, it comes as no surprise that the Ermitage cats have become iconic figures themselves.
While they might be icons for some people, for others they are family.
A feline daily life at the Hermitage
The Cats’ routine today
Vassili, one of the museum’s narrators explains that these cats spend an average of twenty hours a day sleeping, underlining just how peaceful their existence is amidst corridors steeped in history. The Hermitage cats are much more than protectors; they’re members of the museum family witnessing endless stories unfold within its walls.
But what happens when these cats meet with the museum’s visitors ?
Meeting the four-legged guards
An enchanting encounter
The Ermitage cats don’t just guard artworks; they also charm visitors with their regal bearing and serene demeanor. Many a tourist has been captivated by the sight of a sleek feline, perched on a windowsill or napping peacefully among ancient artifacts.
These encounters often lead to an interest in the wellbeing of these feline protectors.
The care and life of the museum’s cats
Veterinary care and feeding
Being part of the museum family comes with privileges. The Hermitage ensures that its feline members receive regular veterinary check-ups and vaccinations. A dedicated team feeds them twice a day, ensuring they’re well-nourished to carry out their essential role.
Their appeal goes beyond their important role at the museum.
Why tourists love these felines
A unique charm
The allure of these cats goes beyond their captivating beauty and noble duty. Their calm demeanor amidst priceless art pieces adds another layer of fascination for visiting tourists, making their experience at the Hermitage truly one-of-a-kind.
Preserving this unique aspect of the museum is crucial.
Initiatives for preserving the Hermitage cats
Adoption programs
To help ensure a sustainable population, an adoption program has been established whereby kittens born to the Hermitage cats can be adopted by responsible owners after they’ve been weaned and vet-checked.
Fundraising initiatives
A variety of fundraising activities are held regularly to raise funds for food, veterinary expenses, and other needs of the cats. These initiatives allow visitors and locals alike to contribute to the well-being and preservation of these treasured feline residents.
There you have it, a journey through the fascinating world of the Hermitage cats. From their historical significance, cultural roles, to their endearing daily lives, it’s clear that these felines are more than just ordinary cats. They are integral members of one of the world’s greatest museums, contributing both tangible and intangible value to this iconic institution. Their tale serves as a unique reminder of how art, history, and nature can harmoniously coexist within our shared spaces.
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